The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learning curriculum using Scratch software on problem-solving skills of primary school students in Farahan city in the academic year of 2012. The Scratch software helps children learn programming principles while designing games or interactive stories. This research is of a practical nature and the criterion for collecting information is semi-experimental method. was selected from one of the girls' primary schools in Farahan city and randomly one of the classes was considered as the experimental group and the other was considered as the control group. The sample consisted of 34 primary school students, 17 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. The instruments used in this research are Heppner problem solving questionnaires, which were used as pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency and mean and inferential statistics for covariance analysis. The findings of the analysis showed that the difference between the control and control groups was statistically significant at the level of 0. 05 and with a confidence level of 0. 95. The results showed that programming skills with Scratch software had a significant effect on student problem solving skills. During the course, students actively engaged in solving various problems in the Scratch software, and inevitably, to solve these issues, they had to analyze the problem and test different solutions, involving students with this Challenges have improved their problem-solving skills.

One of the issues of reliable performance in the power grid is the existence of electromechanical oscillations between interconnected generators. The number of generators participating in each electromechanical oscillation mode and the frequency oscillation depends on the structure and function of the power grid. In this paper, to improve the transient nature of the network and damping electromechanical fluctuations, a decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic programming has been used to design a stabilizing power system and a complementary static var compensator (SVC) controller. By applying a single line to ground fault in the network, the robustness of the designed control systems is demonstrated. Also, the simulation results of the method used in this paper are compared with controllers whose parameters are adjusted using the PSO algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the decentralized robust adaptive control method based on dynamic programming for the stabilizing design of the power system and the complementary SVC controller. The performance of the control method is tested using the IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus, 5-area is verified with time domain simulation.

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

After performance of successful program for control and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, acute respiratory infections (ARI) especially pneumonia, are the most important infectious etiology of children’s mortality in developing countries nowadays.Diagnosis of pneumoma is made on clinical grounds it is based on four sets of data including Clinic, epidemiology, Radiology and routine laboratory tests. Then, pneumonia itself can be divided to three categories including bacterial, viral and atypical pneumonia. Each type of pneumonia is treated after possible diagnosis with its criteria. Correct and accurate knowledge of physicians of diagnosis and therapy of this important disease in children could prevent unnecessary costs and decrease its morbidity and mortality.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent form among Iranian children. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent form of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of group hope training and neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) on hope and quality of life among children with cancer. Methods: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group hopefulness and group training of psycho-neurological programming (NLP) on the level of hope and quality of life of children with cancer. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The study participants include all literate 7-18-year-old girls and boys with cancer treated at Amirkabir Hospital (Central Province Children’, s Cancer Hospital) and Tabassum Cancer Association (Central Province Cancer Association) in 2016. In total, 60 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into three groups: group hope training (20 people), NLP (20 people), and a control group without any therapeutic intervention (20 people). The Children’, s Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Snyder Children’, s Hope Scale were used. Multivariate and one-way analyses of covariance were applied to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant difference between group hope training and the NLP group. Both interventions had almost the same effect on the quality of life, while group hope training had a higher effect on dependent variables. Results showed that LNP group training led to increased quality of life and hope, predicting 70% and 40% of their variances. In addition, findings showed the effectiveness of group hope training on increased quality of life and hope and could predict 53% and 84% of their variances, respectively. The findings showed that NLP training and group hope training increased quality of life and hope. Conclusion: According to the findings from this study, LNP group training and hope group training can increase the quality of life and hope. Based on the findings of the present study and the results of previous studies, it can be concluded that group hope and group training of neuro-linguistic programming, based on their basic principles and techniques and changing beliefs and attitudes of individuals and hope for learning, helps children with cancer change the way they react to these events, thus reduce their stress and frustration, and set specific goals for the future that inspires them. These studies show that these psychological interventions lead to positive changes and increase hope and quality of life of children with cancer.

Since children and adolescents are more affected by TV programs compared to adults, the organization (IRIB) needs a scientific approach of policy- making in the field of children and adolescents programming to enhance the organization's contribution to trait upcoming generation. The first step is to recognize the present condition. This research studied the condition of the organization in policy- making in the field of children and adolescents programming from 2004 to 2014. The research was carried out using grounded theory strategy with Glazier Approach and semi-structured interview with IRIB managers, heads of departments and experts of children and adolescents field programming to gather data. The result of the study was 477 codes, 97 concepts and, finally, 14 categories including the main category "priority of mentality and taste on policies", and categories of "replacing values and goals with policies", "lack of policy", "neglecting the children’s issue at the macro level of the organization", "lack of effective supervisory structure", "separated operations in organization policy-making", "budget deficit pressure", "not training human resource", "lack of proper way to transfer policies", "structural changes", "extreme focusing on audience", "change the audience taste", "unemployment of children program producers", and finally, "aimless and irregular starring".